hydroquinone solubility in glycerin

The obtained results show that the . This composition is color stabilized and cosmetically elegant. Re: How to dissolve Hydroquinone to make 4 oz. Hydroquinone is a major benzene metabolite, which is a well-known haematotoxic and carcinogenic agent associated with malignancy in occupational environments. 76/768/EEC:1976 Council Directive 76/768/EEC of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products: Organic Chemistry, Solomon and Fryhle, 10th edition, Wiley Publishing, 2010. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. An improvement in the color stability of the 4% hydroquinone compositions is seen at and above 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate in the 6-7 pH range. Found. 374 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 376 /H [ 807 1414 ] /L 581425 /E 96582 /N 109 /T 573826 >> endobj xref 374 19 0000000016 00000 n Stir until uniform. It exerts a depigmenting effect on skin of mammals by increasing the excretion of melanin from the melanocytes. Acta 423, 137144 (2000), S.-T. Lin, S. I. Sandler, Ind. Phillip M. Hudnall "Hydroquinone" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. - 65.21.225.73. 20grams ofhydroquinonein 20oz is liquid is 10%. This is a prescription-only ingredient in some countries, including the member states of the European Union under Directives 76/768/EEC:1976. In the United States, the most commonly used treatment for hyperpigmentation is 1,4-benzenediol, which is known as hydroquinone. uv curable cellulose estersuv curable cellulose esters . . I understand the concentrations are high but I have used them before, its just too expensive to keep buying from a compounding pharmacy. 2017-02-16T09:38:58+01:00 For a shipping quote, check the box and the bottom and provide us your shipping information. 0000008514 00000 n They may also include ingredients with other therapeutic actions, such as anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, exfoliants and peels. Polysorbate 20 0.5% 0.15g. The composition is preferably formulated in separate phases as designated below. Boucif Belhachemi. Determination and Correlation of Solubilities of Benzoic Acid, Salicylic Acid, Resorcinol and Hydroquinone in Water and in 1-Octanol at Temperatures from 297.25K to 334.45K. Additionally, a water-soluble antioxidant, preferably a sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, may be helpful in stabilizing the hydroquinone composition. 0000003430 00000 n 1 Solubility data for compounds that ordinarily are liquids at 25 are expressed in terms of the ratio of the volume of solute to the volume of solvent; i.e., 1 mL dissolved in mL of solvent. The aquatic toxicity of hydroquinone to fresh water fish, Daphnia, and algae was between 0.050- . Hydroquinone can be made through several routes. N')].uJr The correlation coefficient is greater than 0.9937 for one of these two equations for the binary studied systems where the solvent is either water or 1-octanol. endstream endobj 277 0 obj <>stream On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Unfortunately, retinoids, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin) also have discoloration problems due to oxidation. Compositions according to this invention may include dermatologically acceptable carriers. Hydroquinone is combustible when preheated. 1401417, Country of ref document: The Molecular Weight is 110.11 g/mol. For use herein, the encapsulation forms a protective system to prohibit or inhibit the oxidation of the retinoid. . Solute (1 g) Water Boiling Water Alcohol Chloroform Ether Other Acenocoumarol 67,000 280 130 1800 Acetaminophen 20 10 1 N sodium hydroxide, 15 Acetohexamide 230 210 Acetylcysteine 5 4 Acetyldigitoxin 6100 62.5 12 >10,000 Ammonium Alum 7 0.5 Aluminum Chloride 0.9 4 Aluminum Sulfate 1 Amantadine Hydrochloride 2.5 5.1 18 polyethylene glycol 400, 70 Classical photo shops also sell hydroquinone. [21] The FDA officially banned hydroquinone in 2020 as part of a larger reform of the over-the-counter drug review process. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Preparation, optimization and in vivo. Chemically, hydroquinone is designated as p-dihydroxybenzene; the empirical formula is C 6 H 6 O 2; molecular weight is 110.0. It is moderately soluble in water and highly soluble in alcohol. PubMedGoogle Scholar. The solubility of sodium phenytoin in binary mixtures of ethanol +water at 298.2, 303.2, 308.2 and 313.2 K was measured. Discoloration of hydroquinone compositions may be accelerated by repeated exposure to oxygen or exposing the compositions to high temperatures, which may be found inside a car or delivery vehicle on a hot sunny day. 65, 5786 (1998), Y.-H. Zhang, Trends Analyt. &"oq YcbX.=a*t R@ I'd like the consistency to be thin like a gel so that it absorbs quicker. x- [ 0}y)7ta>jT7@t`q2&6ZL?_yxg)zLU*uSkSeO4?c. R -25 S>Vd`rn~Y&+`;A4 A9 =-tl`;~p Gp| [`L` "AYA+Cb(R, *T2B- [32], Hydroquinone is thought to be the active toxin in Agaricus hondensis mushrooms. 0000002379 00000 n Do not put this product in the microwave. [Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O, trimethyl-[phenyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]oxysilane, C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](O[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1, C\C(=C/C=O)\C=C\C=C(\C=C\C1=C(CCCC1(C)C)C)/C, 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC, 2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol, C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1, O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C, [Na+].[Na+].[Na+]. The solubilities of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, resorcinol and hydroquinone in water and in 1-octanol were measured by the dynamic method which is also called the synthetic method from 297.25 K to 334.45 K. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC Q2000 and SDT Q600), the melting temperature and the enthalpy of fusion of these solutes were determined. Formula of hydroquinone is . Hydroquinone occurs in the environment as a result of anthropogenic processes, as well as in natural products from plants and animals. This range of pH has been preferred for hydroquinone compositions, because it has been believed that the hydroquinone is less likely to excessively discolor under acid conditions. Continue rinsing.IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.Avoid release to the environment.WARNING: The information provided on this web site was developed in compliance with European Union (EU) regulations and is correct to the best of our knowledge, information and belief at the date of its publication. 57, 295300 (2013), R. F. Pires, M. R. Franco Jr, Fluid Phase Equilib. Chem. Anal. In hydroquinone and sodium metabisulfite compositions, it is believed that the sodium metabisulfite oxidizes first and delays the start of any oxidation of the hydroquinone, so that excessive discoloration is delayed or totally avoided. There are various other uses associated with its reducing power. Since hydroquinone has a tendency to discolor through oxidation, these antioxidants are used because they have greater tendencies to oxidize than hydroquinone. We have found that a cream containing 5% of hydroquinone and 0.05 % of laevo-ascorbic acid remains white, and the emulsion remains unbroken after many months of storage, The laevo-ascorbic or cevitamic acid is pr'eferably employed in the free condition; but if desired, the salts, and especially the water-soluble salts thereof, may be employed . 2017-02-16T10:10:56+01:00 Phase A: Dissolve L-Ascorbic Acid in distilled water via agitation and gentle heating (warm, never hot or you will denature the ascorbic acid). ChemPoint will not under any circumstances release personal user information to individuals or companies. Have an order or account question? NR 1L~tyj|ZZ3]jFlszH#bd]="nVj =rBF-=Y?Pe 3(\[3;wR-+7Fn ~pSQ(Rpiw^zYr''t@\vobE]u'C}io0q;^k5C@|zZNNA>,XOrztV;qO*w:MC$OI\_$Io 'v [ 115, 22772285 (2014), Article International Journal of Thermophysics Eng. [31], Hydroquinones are one of the two primary reagents in the defensive glands of bombardier beetles, along with hydrogen peroxide (and perhaps other compounds, depending on the species), which collect in a reservoir. Approximate Solubilities of USP and NF Articles, methanol, 13; ethyl acetate, >10,000; hexanes, >10,000, 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, 1; 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, 1, boiling alcohol, 50; boiling chloroform, 80; acetone at 50, methanol, 3; isopropanol, 69; benzene, 2500; petroleum ether, 5000, dimethylformamide, 10; 10 N sodium hydroxide, 3.5, dimethylacetamide, 2; dimethylformamide, 3.5; dimethylsulfoxide, 3.5, 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, 2500; 0.1 N sodium hydroxide, 100, isopropyl alcohol, 4; propylene glycol, 9; methanol, 5.3, isopropyl alcohol, 1408; propylene glycol, 119; methanol, 75, alcohol solution (1 in 2), 2; diethylphthalate, <1; benzyl benzoate, <1, acetone, 100; methanol, 1000; 0.1 N hydrochloride acid, >1000, absolute alcohol, 8; methanol, 8; propylene glycol, 19, pyridine, 10; methanol, 71; acetone, 130; methylene chloride, 286; toluene, 2000; dioxane, 2000, carbon disulfide, 2 (slowly and usually incompletely), carbon disulfide, 2 (slowly and usually incompletely) olive oil, 100, methylenedichloride, 43; 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 100. Data 53, 199200 (2008), N. Sunsandee, S. Suren, N. Leepipatpiboon, M. Hronec, U. Pancharoen, Fluid Phase Equilib. HyTSwoc [5laQIBHADED2mtFOE.c}088GNg9w '0 Jb D-170D Solubility of EASTMAN Hydroquinone and Derivatives Subject: Hydroquinone and hydroquinone derivatives listed in this publication are used as intermediates for manufacturing a variety of products and as polymerization inhibitors for vinyl monomers and unsaturated polyester resins. Hydroquinone is an aromatic organic compound which is currently used in two main sectors: . Some may double boil the hydroquinone and ester, I was too scared of the possibility of combustion. HlRMo0WB:NnVCnE4(i0 (1* )@NzHR!>i;8XaXnsO0LNT0l$B%"NAb0I9V *6/-\vn0W"fKF:AAgl:psRZ?k`&eB IUQ0ET;W#vL=@XwRG{-LHlTz]^s%OB(GF 11'I Hydroquinone is combustible when preheated. Human exposure to hydroquinone can occur by dietary, occupational, and environmental sources. We have discovered that a hydroquinone composition (with about 1 to about 12% hydroquinone, preferably with about 2% to about 10%, more preferably with about 2% to about 8%, more preferably with about 2% to about 4%, most preferably with about 3% to about 4% hydroquinone) with preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5, can include cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably sodium ascorbyl phosphate, more preferably aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate as an antioxidant and the color destabilization problems are appreciably less as compared to hydroquinone compositions without such a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters in the neutral pH range: preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5. These phases (described below) are combined in a mixing tank with an in-line homogenizer as follows. Retinoids are included from about 0.01% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.025% to about 2%, more preferably 0.05% to about 1.0%, and most preferably from about 0.025% to about 0.5%. 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Lim, S. Jang, H. K. Cho, M. S. Shin, H. Kim, J. Chem. Examples of suitable methods of encapsulation include encapsulation by liposomes, wax, paraffin or any material or combination of materials which protect the retinoid from exposure to oxygen and inhibit oxidation of the retinoid from oxidation. The preferred protected retinoid is in the form of small beads or vesicles which are of a form that can be adjusted to be incorporated into varied topical compositions. This is seen at about a pH of 3.50 with at least about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, and again at a pH of about 6.5 to about 7.0 with at least about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. Some products also contain sunscreens. V)gB0iW8#8w8_QQj@&A)/g>'K t;\ $FZUn(4T%)0C&Zi8bxEB;PAom?W= 420, 2429 (2016), W. E. Acree Jr, Thermochim Acta 189, 3756 (1991), F. L. Nordstrm, . C. Rasmuson, J. Chem. Eye Contact Rinse immediately with plenty of water, also under the eyelids, for at least 15 minutes. 43, 13111316 (2007), J. Qing-Zhu, M. Pei-Sheng, Z. Huan, X. Shu-Qian, W. Qiang, Q. Yan, Fluid Phase Equilib. We apologize! You take the cream, put it in a container, take the powder measurement and add it. Anal. Preferably, the protected retinoid, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin), is in the form of small beads or spheres suitable for incorporation into a topical composition. The amount of crosslinking was controlled by the reaction conditions, including temperature, reaction time, and . Chem. This invention relates to methods and compositions for the treatment of pigmentation disorders, including hyperpigmentation and vitiligo. : Metabolism and disposition of hydroquinone in Fischer 344 rats after oral or dermal administration. Data 51, 16681671 (2006), C. L. Yaws, S.-C. Lin, Enthalpy of fusion at freezing pointOrganic compounds, in Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons, William Andrew Publishing (Elsevier, 2009), pp. Lastly, I'd like to add benzoic acid for preservation purposes. HMkA+"c>jZ^ho=81NW;]Ib;+i#iFArHpz). `9F6~qg3]0,#!V9Q> p=|h| volume42, Articlenumber:1 (2021) . [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC([O-])=C(OP([O-])([O-])=O)C1=O, N1=CC(C(=O)OCC)=CC=C1C#CC1=CC=C(SCCC2(C)C)C2=C1, C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C3=CC=C(C(=C3)C34CC5CC(CC(C5)C3)C4)OC)=CC=C21, CC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C, disodium;2-[2-[carboxylatomethyl(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate, [Na+]. At 40C, 4% hydroquinone compositions are more likely to excessively discolor and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate helps to stabilize the color, by preventing the brownish black discoloration and maintaining an amber color. Pigmentation disorders can take a variety of forms like hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, such as melasma (dark patches experienced in pregnancy), liver spots (which often develop with age), as a side effect of birth control pills, and as a persistent result of acne, bums, bites and other skin injuries, and vitiligo. Antioxidants in the hydroquinone phase are instrumental in stabilizing the color of the hydroquinone composition. 0000002221 00000 n This chamber is lined with cells that secrete catalases and peroxidases. 15, 188196 (1996), U. Domaska, Fluid Phase Equilib. One skilled in the art is familiar with the known protective system technologies, such as encapsulation and entrapment methodologies. ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013, Ref document number: valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. :hS-g"s2Sj Ij=x'V]gPV8tt~qkAVXi|u}5;#.pl-/4JFQ.EP3&F.qa2hI{N qBmG(z#n [GN.}aazN(~8kux9#tnYwIHFuxW v9UNj&ffNW_\\Tc""8=_"7wC>svwQy\^4gF H][QzmlOI(B@ U4[Xb0,|m0*D"/#$\u(QI)RYg\;8 Yjh [33], Hydroquinone has been shown to be one of the chemical constituents of the natural product propolis. M1 and M2 microemulsions contain ethanol as co-surfactant. The preferred protected retinoid is in the form of small beads or vesicles which are of a form that can be adjusted to be incorporated into varied topical compositions. It is a major component in most black and white photographic developers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver. Appearance: Free-flowing white crystalsOdor: OdorlessMolecular weight: 110.11Empirical formula: C6H6O2Assay (Anhydrous basis): 99.0-100.5 %Melting point: 172-174CWater: 0.5 wt % max.Residue on ignition: 0.5 % maxSolubility: Moderately soluble in water, glycerin, propylene glycol, and highly soluble in ethanol, Can work in conjunction with glycolic acid to help reduce pigment in melasma Non-GMOExtremely low vapor pressureUSP GradeEuropean Pharma GradeDrug master file available upon request. Hydroquinone is 1,4-benzenediol. One embodiment of the invention is a composition which comprises hydroquinone (about 1% to about 12%, preferably about 2% to about 10%, more preferably about 2% to about 8%, more preferably with about 2% to about 4%, and most preferably about 3% to about 4%) and has a neutral pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5. Hydroquinone occurs as fine, white needles. Table II shows that at 5C, 4% hydroquinone compositions maintain their white or light straw color with the addition of at least about 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate at the low pH ranges (from about 3.50 to about 5.50) and when about 1.0 to about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is used in the pH range of about 7.0. This page was last modified on 19 June 2019, at 20:05. endstream endobj 1 0 obj <> endobj 2 0 obj <> endobj 12 0 obj <>stream 0000003660 00000 n . Protected retinoid may be added to these compositions for additional skin benefit effects. A further embodiment of the invention includes a method for stabilizing a hydroquinone composition (with about 1% to about 12% hydroquinone, preferably about 2% to about 10%, more preferably about 2% to about 8%, and most preferably about 3% to about 4%) with a neutral pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5, by adding a water-soluble antioxidant, preferably sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, and a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably sodium ascorbyl phosphate, more preferably aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. Hydroquinone IS a white crystalline substance when pure and is highly soluble in water. [23] This conclusion was reached based on the extent of absorption in humans and the incidence of neoplasms in rats in several studies where adult rats were found to have increased rates of tumours, including thyroid follicular cell hyperplasias, anisokaryosis (variation in nuclei sizes), mononuclear cell leukemia, hepatocellular adenomas and renal tubule cell adenomas. HYDROQUINONE (hahy droh kwi NOHN) is applied to the the skin to lighten areas that have darkened. Fill out the form below, and we will send you the document as soon as we can! The Density of hydroquinone is . Get medical attention. Other solubilities: soluble in alcohol and ether,slightly soluble in benzene,readily soluble in ethanol,acetone and methanol, Needle-like Crystals or Crystalline Powder. Calorim. Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones. So, does anybody know of another solvent I could use that has a higher . Hydroquinone[1] Idrochinone Quinol 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene p-dihydroxybenzene p-hydroxyphenol 1,4-Hydroxy benzene Identifiers CAS Number 123-31-9 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image Beilstein Reference 605970 ChEBI CHEBI:17594 Y ChEMBL ChEMBL537 Y ChemSpider 764 Y DrugBank DB09526 ECHA InfoCard 100.004.199 EC Number 204-617-8 Gmelin Reference 2742 English, J.C. and Deisinger, P.J. Hydroquinone is a white crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water, but more soluble in organic solvents. Get medical attention. If youd like my help or recipes for this bleaching cream please contact me on Instagram @kaylinell and @kay.linell or Facebook at kay linell. wG xR^[ochg`>b$*~ :Eb~,m,-,Y*6X[F=3Y~d tizf6~`{v.Ng#{}}jc1X6fm;'_9 r:8q:O:8uJqnv=MmR 4 The Beaver: Its Life and Impact. Phase A is added to the tank, which is held at a temperature of from about 70 to about 75 C, and in which a CO. In another embodiment of the invention, hydroquinone and a protected retinoid are both combined in the composition. Tests, which results are detailed in the following two tables, are performed to show how well sodium metabisulfite ("SMBS") stabilizes color at each pH at 5C and 40C in 4% hydroquinone ("HQ") compositions. [Na+].OC(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C(O)=O, SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILET PREPARATIONS, Preparations for care of the skin for chemically bleaching or whitening the skin, PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL, OR TOILET PURPOSES, Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients, Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. I would like to add retinol and kojic acid to it as well. Natural antioxidants could replace hydroquinone derivatives used in industry. Hydroquinone, 99.5%, Thermo Scientific Chemicals 5g, Glass Bottle Quantity: 5g 50g 250g 1kg 5kg Packaging: Glass Bottle Plastic Drum Plastic bottle Description This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Acros Organics product portfolio. This compound is gathered from the beaver's castor sacs.[35]. Eng. 4]DYR@'c %PDF-1.4 % It is a reducing agent that is reversibly oxidized to semiquinone and quinone. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Acros Organics product portfolio. Therefore, the solubility values of hydroquinone in different solvents are required; however, the data availability in the literature is poor.3-7 In this work, the solubility data of hydroquinone in water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and acetic acid from 276.65 K to 345.10 K under atmospheric pressure were . The solubility was increased by addition of ethanol, reached a maximum . Most preferably, when both a water-soluble antioxidant, preferably sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, and a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, are present, the color of the hydroquinone composition is stabilized in the neutral pH range, preferably for greater than about six months, more preferably for greater than about twelve months and most preferably for greater than about eighteen months. antiphlogistics and cardiaca, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients, Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen, . Hydroquinone (C6H4(OH)2), also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound, with a variety of uses in chemistry. Eng. Place water in container then bring the temperature to 15c in a boil bath then add products at this point when youre making the lotion u will need to add the other ingredients. Our team has been notified and we will fix it as soon as possible. Int J Thermophys 42, 1 (2021). Exceptional antioxidant qualities are seen at 0.10% (all percentages in the application are weight percent) and above, preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.5% for sodium metabisulfite.